A groundbreaking study from the University of Calabria suggests that hemp seed flour and CBD-rich hemp oil may hold the key to a more nutritious and better-textured gluten-free baking experience.
Published in the journal Molecules, the research explores how hemp-based ingredients can replace conventional ones in baked goods—specifically in gluten-free cupcakes. The six-person research team tested various formulations using hemp flour and oil to evaluate texture, nutritional content, and baking performance.
Initial trials showed that swapping butter for CBD-enriched hemp oil in traditional wheat-based recipes made the cupcake batter less consistent. However, when wheat flour was completely replaced with hemp seed flour, the batter’s consistency was “restored,” leading to what the researchers called an “optimal baked texture.”
“A mix of hemp and maize flour didn’t yield the same result,” the study noted. “Only full substitution with hemp flour produced a consistency comparable to the traditional version.”
Beyond texture, the study highlights hemp’s nutritional potential. The hemp oil—extracted using a novel method combining microwave treatment with maceration—offered a heart-healthy fatty acid profile and a functional food component enriched with CBD.
Researchers concluded that both hemp oil and hemp flour are “viable ingredients for traditional cakes and desserts,” offering a significant nutritional upgrade, including added fiber, protein, and beneficial fatty acids.
This study adds to a growing body of research focused on hemp’s applications in food. Last year, USDA scientists emphasized the plant’s versatility and health potential, noting its high protein content and favorable omega fatty acid balance.
While consumer food applications expand, hemp is also being incorporated into animal feed. In 2023, regulatory officials approved hemp seed meal for egg-laying hens, and ongoing studies suggest hemp-fed livestock do not retain harmful levels of cannabinoids.
As hemp’s legal and scientific status evolves, researchers believe the plant could become a staple in both human and animal nutrition.
“We want to fully utilize hemp seeds,” said USDA researcher Sean Liu. “From the oil to the proteins and fibers, they’re all valuable ingredients that can enhance health in countless ways.”
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